Traducción y análisis de palabras por inteligencia artificial ChatGPT
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Qué (quién) es averaging filter - definición
![The 80A filter, mainly used to correct for the excessive redness of [[tungsten]] lighting, can also be used to oversaturate scenes that already have blue. The photo on the left was shot with a polarizer, while the one on the right was shot with a polarizer and an 80A filter.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/80a comparison.jpg?width=200 "The 80A filter, mainly used to correct for the excessive redness of [[tungsten]] lighting, can also be used to oversaturate scenes that already have blue. The photo on the left was shot with a polarizer, while the one on the right was shot with a polarizer and an 80A filter.")
![The ''LOMO effect'' imitates photos made with a low-cost Russian camera brand, named "LOMO". It is approximated by saturated central colors, blurred periphery, and darkened corners and edges ([[vignetting]]).}} effect.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Verblühende Sauerkirsche.jpg?width=200 "The ''LOMO effect'' imitates photos made with a low-cost Russian camera brand, named \"LOMO\". It is approximated by saturated central colors, blurred periphery, and darkened corners and edges ([[vignetting]]).}} effect.")
.svg?width=200 "The frequency response of a fourth-order elliptic low-pass filter with '''ε''' = 0.5 and '''ξ''' = 1.05. Also shown are the minimum gain in the passband and the maximum gain in the stopband, and the transition region between normalized frequency 1 and '''ξ'''")
.svg?width=200 "A closeup of the transition region of the above plot.")
![Log of the absolute value of the gain of an 8th order elliptic filter in [[complex frequency space]] (s = σ + jω) with ε = 0.5, ξ = 1.05 and ω<sub>0</sub> = 1. The white spots are poles and the black spots are zeroes. There are a total of 16 poles and 8 double zeroes. What appears to be a single pole and zero near the transition region is actually four poles and two double zeroes as shown in the expanded view below. In this image, black corresponds to a gain of 0.0001 or less and white corresponds to a gain of 10 or more.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elliptic Filter s-Plane Response (8th Order).svg?width=200 "Log of the absolute value of the gain of an 8th order elliptic filter in [[complex frequency space]] (s = σ + jω) with ε = 0.5, ξ = 1.05 and ω<sub>0</sub> = 1. The white spots are poles and the black spots are zeroes. There are a total of 16 poles and 8 double zeroes. What appears to be a single pole and zero near the transition region is actually four poles and two double zeroes as shown in the expanded view below. In this image, black corresponds to a gain of 0.0001 or less and white corresponds to a gain of 10 or more.")
.svg?width=200 "An expanded view in the transition region of the above image, resolving the four poles and two double zeroes.")
![A low-pass electronic filter realised by an [[RC circuit]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1st Order Lowpass Filter RC.svg?width=200 "A low-pass electronic filter realised by an [[RC circuit]]")
Wikipedia
Value averaging (VA), also known as dollar value averaging (DVA), is a technique for adding to an investment portfolio that is controversially claimed to provide a greater return than other methods such as dollar cost averaging. With the method, investors add to (or withdraw from) their portfolios in such a way that the portfolio balance reaches a predetermined monthly or quarterly target, regardless of market fluctuations. For example, an investor may want to have a $3600 investment in 36 months. Using VA, the investor would aim to have a total investment value of $100 at the beginning of the first month, $200 at the beginning of the second month, and so on. Having invested $100 at the beginning of the first month, the investment may be worth $101 at the end of that month. In that case, the investor invests a further $99 to reach the second month objective of $200. If at the end of the first month, the investment is worth $205, the investor withdraws $5.
The idea of VA is that in periods of market decline, the investor contributes more, while in periods of market climb, the investor contributes less. As illustrated in the above example, in contrast to dollar cost averaging, which mandates that a fixed amount of money be invested at each period, the value averaging investor may on occasion be required to withdraw from the portfolio to keep to the program. Value averaging was developed by former Harvard University professor Michael E. Edleson.
The investor must provide the expected rate of return to the value averaging formula. The inclusion of this piece of information is claimed to allow the value averaging formula to identify periods of investment over-performance and under-performance versus expectations. If the investment grows faster than expected, the investor will be required to buy less or sell. If the investment grows slower than expected or shrinks, the investor will be required to buy more.
Some research suggests that the method results in higher returns at a similar risk, especially for high market variability and long time horizons. Other research suggests that VA offers no benefit at all in dollar terms, claiming that the rate-of-return benefit of VA is illusory because it is mathematically biased, retrospectively giving more weight to past returns if they were strong and less weight if they were weak.
